| Protocol | Protocol Number |
| EIGRP | 88 |
| OSPF | 89 |
In this type of communication, first device send data and second device receive it. Second device never send any information to first device. Broadcast systems like FM radio work in this way.
In this type of communication, when first device send data, second device receives it and when second devices send data, first device receives it. But both devices can’t send or receive data at the same time. This type of communication is using in "walkie-talkie".
In this type of communication, first and second device can send and receive data simultaneously. Phones and mobile phones are using this type of communication.
Note: In Ethernet communication we can set both end half or full duplex depending up on the requirements. That is Ethernet can work on both mode.
Before begin configuration we need to see the current status of switch. This can be don using verity of ‘show’ commands. Some of them are given below
Now, lets set the interface attributes
The syntax is as follows:
interface type mod/port
speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto} ;This command tells transmission speed. It can be set depending on Speed of Interface. Normally Switch detects the speed correctly. Default configuration is “auto” ie. automatically detect the speed
duplex {half | full | auto} ;set the duplex of interface. Default is auto. But it is better to hardcode by command on both side. If you set duplex to auto then make it on both side. Also, if you set duplex make sure that it is typed on both side, otherwise mismatch will happen. If you don’t know about duplex, please check here
mdix auto ;This is the default setting. . This permit switch to automatically discover if a crossover connection is needed. we can change the setting by “no mdix auto” command
media-type {sfp | rj45} ;detects automatically. sfp used for fiber optic ports
Sample configuration is given below:
SW1(config)#interface fa0/1
SW1(config-if)#speed 100
SW1(config-if)#duplex full
SW1(config-if)#no shut (to enable the interface)
Ok. That’s enough. But the problem is, we have to type it on all interface. Hmm… It has an easy way – use the ‘range’ command
SW1(config)#int range fa 0/1 - 4 , fa0/15 ;comma is surrounded by space. This will select the specified range of interfaces i.e. from fa0/1 to fa0/4 and fa0/15 at the same time. Now we can set any attributes to that interface.
SW1(config-if-range)#shut
SW(config-if)#power inline {auto|never} :to automatically discover power need by port or disable power
SW(config-if)#power inline {consumption mw | static max mw} : to give power specifically
VTP stands for VLAN Trunking Protocol. Unlike the name implies, VTP is used for replication of VLAN information. That means, we just need to create VLANs or edit VLAN information only on one switch. Then VTP will transfer that information through the trunk link to all other switches which make the administration centralized.
VTP works based on the revision number. By default, VTP revision number is 0 on all switches. If we change any VLAN information on a switch, like… adding VLAN, deleting VLAN, renaming VLAN, etc.. the revision number increases. When other switches get the VTP update, it check the VTP revision number contained in the update with its on VTP revision number. If the local revision number is lower than the one it received, it replace the whole VLAN database with the currently received database.
VTP has three modes – Server, Client and Transparent. Depending upon VTP mode in which the switch operates, it gets the features as follows:
By default cisco switches comes with VTP server mode. Because of there is no VTP Domain name applied to new switches, they act as server for themselves. Also, switches doesn’t participate in VTP until they hear VTP advertisement from another switch.
To see the current VTP status, use the following command
SW1#show vtp status
Now lets make VTP run on every switch as in the figure.
SW1# vtp domain TestDomain
SW2# vtp domain TestDomain
SW3# vtp domain TestDomain
Note: If there is no domain name exist in all switches, then if we configure domain name on SW1, all switches get it automatically.
SW1# vtp mode server
SW2# vtp mdoe transparent
SW3# vtp mode client
eg: SW1# vtp password P1ssw0rd
Note: if we want to set the password, set it on all switches
Default VTP version is 1. if we want to change it to version 2, then do the following command on all switches
eg: SW1# vtp version 2
If we accidently connect a switch with higher revision number and same domain name to the network, all the switches will replace their database to it’s database. Then network connection may not available to users.
Solution:
Before attaching the switch to the network, reset its revision number to zero. Do one of the following to reset revision number to 0
| Port | TCP | UDP | Description |
| 20 | x | FTP-Data | |
| 21 | x | FTP (login access) | |
| 22 | x | x | SSH |
| 23 | x | Telent | |
| 25 | x | SMTP (Mail, MTA) | |
| 49 | x | TACACS+ | |
| 53 | x | x | DNS |
| 69 | x | TFTP | |
| 80 | x | x | HTTP (Web) |
| 110 | x | x | POP3 (email); generally uses TCP) |
| 119 | x | NNTP (Usenet News) | |
| 123 | x | NTP | |
| 139 | x | x | NetBIOS (Microsoft) |
| 143 | x | x | IMAP |
| 161 | x | x | SNMP (Network Monitor) |
| 179 | x | BGP | |
| 443 | x | x | HTTPS |
| 465 | x | SMTPS (Secure Mail over SSL) | |
| 993 | x | x | IMAP (Secure IMAP over SSL) |
| 995 | x | x | POP3S (Secure POP3 over SSL) |
| 1645,1812 | x | RADIUS Authentication | |
| 1646,1813 | x | RADIUS Accounting |
R1(config)#username binoy privilege 15 secret ciscoNow download SDM from www.cisco.com/go/sdm and install it in the computer (requires java runtime environment) and launch the SDM by giving IP address in SDM launcher
R1(config)#ip http server
R1(config)#ip http secure-server (allows encrypted access)
R1(config)#ip http authentication local
| Connected interface | 0 |
| Static route | 1 |
| Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) summary route | 5 |
| External Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20 |
| Internal EIGRP | 90 |
| IGRP | 100 |
| OSPF | 110 |
| Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 115 |
| Routing Information Protocol (RIP) | 120 |
| Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) | 140 |
| On Demand Routing (ODR) | 160 |
| External EIGRP | 170 |
| Internal BGP | 200 |
| unknown | 255 |
